What are the more common crushing processes in mineral processing plants?
Time：
2023-05-08
来源：
选矿厂较常见的有两段破碎流程与三段破碎流程。两段破碎流程又分为两段开路和两段闭路。后者的第二段破碎机与检查筛分成闭路，这就能保证产品粒度符合要求，不影响下一步磨矿作业。二段流程只适合于地下开采方法的小型矿山，其总破碎比不大，一般在15~25左右，破碎矿石量也不多，常常小于1000吨／日。
两段开路流程很少使用，只是在某些重选厂用两段开路流程，把所得的破碎产品送棒磨或跳汰外，大多数选矿厂采用两段一闭路流程。
三段破碎流程也有三段开路与三段一闭路之分。三段开路主要是因为不能保证最终产品的粒度要求，一般很少使用。三段一闭路流程即在第三段用检查筛分成闭路，这是最常见的流程。适用于大、中、小型选矿厂，它的总破碎比也较大，可达25～200左右，最大给矿粒度可达1000毫米左右，碎矿的产品粒度可以达到12毫米或更细些。
在个别情况下，当选矿厂的规模很大，原矿块度也很大时，为了减少各段破碎比或者为了得到更细的产品粒度，也可用四段破碎流程。
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What are the more common crushing processes in mineral processing plants?
More common in mineral processing plants are two-stage crushing process and three-stage crushing process. The two-stage crushing process is subdivided into two open-circuit and two closed-circuit. In the latter, the second section of the crusher is closed circuit with the inspection screen, which ensures that the product particle size meets the requirements and does not affect the next step of the grinding operation.
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Classification of commonly used crushing and grinding machinery
According to the mode of action of crushing force can be roughly divided into two main categories of crushing machinery: (1) crushers; (2) mills. Crushers generally deal with larger pieces of material, product size is coarse, usually more than 8 mm. Its structure is characterised by a certain gap between the crushing parts, not in contact with each other. Crusher can be divided into coarse crusher, medium crusher and fine crusher. Generally speaking, the materials handled by the mill are finer, and the product size is fine, up to 0.074 mm, or even finer. Its structure is characterised by crushing parts (or media) in contact with each other, the media used are steel balls, steel rods, gravel or ore blocks. But some machinery is both crushing and grinding, such as $ 5.5 mx 1.8 m grinding mill to deal with the upper limit of the ore size up to 350 ~ 400 mm, the product fineness up to -200 mesh accounted for about 40%. According to the crushing method, mechanical construction features (principle of action) to divide, roughly divided into six categories. (1) Jaw crusher (slot). The crushing action is to rely on the movable jaw plate periodically pressed to the fixed plate, will be sandwiched between the ore crushed. (2) Cone crusher. The ore pieces are between the inner and outer cones, the outer cone is fixed, and the inner cone makes eccentric class action, which crushes or breaks the ore pieces clamped in it. (3) Roll crusher. Ore block in the two opposing rotating rolls in the crevice, mainly by the continuous crushing effect, but also with the abrasive stripping effect, toothed roll surface and splitting effect. (4) Impact crusher. The ore block is crushed by the impact of the fast rotating moving parts. Belong to this category can be divided into: hammer crusher; cage crusher; impact crusher. (5) Mills. The ore is crushed by the impact and grinding action of the grinding media (steel balls, steel rods, gravel or ore pieces) in the rotating cylinder. (6) Other types of crushing and grinding: 1) Roller mill. Borrowing rolling sticks to crush the material. 2) Disc mill. Using the vertical axis or horizontal axis of the disc rotation as a crushing component. 3) Centrifugal mill. Use the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotating parts and media to complete the crushing effect.4) Vibrating mill. The use of rotating shaft to produce high-frequency vibration, so that the media and the material to complete the crushing effect of mutual impact. Various types of crushers have different specifications, different scope of use. At present, the coarse crushing in the processing plant mostly uses jaw crusher or gyratory crusher; medium crushing adopts standard cone crusher; fine crushing adopts short head cone crusher.
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